This I Believe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

This I Believe - Essay Example According to nationsonline.org (2010), the number of people whose first language is Chinese, when investigated in all countries of the world was discovered to be 874000000 while the inclusion of Chinese language speakers, for whom Chinese is the second language makes it 1052000000. This is in contrast with the statistics for the number of English speakers since English is largely considered as the first language all over the world. nationsonline.org (2010) records that population of first-language-English speakers is currently 341000000, which becomes 508000000 when people for whom English is not the mother language are included in it. What further exaggerates the matter is the fact that the statistics mentioned in this paper have been recorded for one particular dialect of Chinese language where there are many more in reality. The large number of Chinese speakers is fundamentally because of the ever growing and expanding Chinese population. China has grown in literacy rate over the past few decades, though Chinese nation had always been ahead in various fields of art, intelligence and technical knowledge. Today, Chinese students make a significant portion of the total number of international students enrolled in foreign reputable universities particularly in the most scientifically and technologically advanced countries. This is in addition to the fact that the innumerable Chinese universities within China are already equipped with Chinese students. The large international Chinese students make others feel a need to learn Chinese in order to be able to interact with them. Chinese prefer to communicate with the foreigners in Chinese language unlike many other nations. Although English is taught as a second language in a lot of Chinese schools in the present age, yet Chinese prefer to stick to their first language as all legal, political and cultural

The Rogerian approach to therapy and its limitations

The Rogerian approach to therapy and its limitations One of the phrases that Carl Rogers used to describe his therapy is supportive, not reconstructive. It is possible to explain a person to himself, to prescribe steps which should lead him forward, to train him in knowledge about a more satisfying mode of life. But such methods are, in my experience, futile and inconsequential. The most they can accomplish is some temporary change, which soon disappears, leaving the individual more than ever convinced of his inadequacies (Rogers 1961, p33). Influences Rogers never undertook specific training as a psychotherapist (Rogers and Russell 2002, p242), and was initially heavily influenced by his childhood and the restrictions and control exercised by his parents and by an early tutor, Goodwin Watson. Philosophically, Rogers cites Emerson, and in particular Kierkegaard and Buber as his key influences (Rogers and Russell 2002, p169). Psychologists influencing him included Maslow, Combs and Snygg (Nelson-Jones 2000 p99) Rogers belief in an individuals capacity for self-direction although primarily founded on his clinical experienceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦was buttressed by his understanding of Ranks work (Rogers and Russell 2002, p9), and he talks of being much influenced by Jesse Taft and Frederick Allen as well as alluding to the work of Karen Horney in his paper on newer concepts in psychotherapy in December 1940. Theoretical Development Corey (2001, p170) references Zimring and Raskins (1992) identification of four definitive periods of development in Rogers approach, commencing in the 1940s with the introduction of non-directive counseling. Corey comments He caused a great furor when he challenged the basic assumption the the counselor knows bestà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Based on his conviction that diagnostic concepts and procedures were inadequate, prejudicial, and often misused, he omitted them from his approach. During this time Rogers placed emphasis on a permissive and non-directive climate aiming to gain insight into client feelings. During the second period, Rogers shifted focus from the therapists approach onto the phenomenological world of the client. The clients internal frame of reference and the actualising tendency as the driver for change received attention, with the approach subsequently being renamed client-centred therapy. The third period observes Rogers further refine his approach, focusing on the nature of becoming the self one truly is (Corey p170), or the necessary and sufficient conditions of therapy as outlined by Rogers in his article in volume 21 of the Journal of Consulting Psychology in 1957 (Kirschenbaum and Henderson p 219-235), in which he explains his hypothesis for a set of facilitative conditions related to psychotherapeutic change. Rogers also undertook extensive research into the client / therapist relationship at this time. The final stage outlined is 1970 onwards when the focus became far broader, encompassing education, industry and world politics, subsequently becoming the person-centred approach. Rogers early work in counselling and psychotherapy therefore outlined new concepts in the world of psychotherapy suggesting a new way of viewing the therapy relationship. These developments resulted in the formulation of a non-directive approach with an emphasis on the present rather past, feelings rather than thoughts and focussing on the clients rather than the therapists resources. This led to a supportive therapy relationship, which Thorne (1992) believes Rogers maintained as key to the therapeutic process throughout his life. the whole conceptual framework of Rogers ideas rests on his profound experience that human beings become increasingly trust-worthy once they feel at a deep level that their subjective experience is both respected and progressively understood (Thorne 1992, p26) Key Concepts In a 1957 article in the Journal of Consulting Psychology, Rogers listed the conditions of the therapeutic process in which such an atmosphere can come about. For constructive personality change to occur, it is necessary that these conditions exist and continue over a period of time: Two persons in psychological contact The first, whom we shall term the client, is in a state of incongruence, being vulnerable or anxious The second person, whom we shall term the therapist, is congruent or integrated in the relationship The therapist experiences unconditional positive regard for the client. The therapist experiences an empathic understanding of the clients internal frame of reference and endeavours to communicate this experience to the client. The communication to the client of the therapists empathic understanding and unconditional positive regard is to a minimal degree achieved. No other conditions are necessary. If these six conditions exist, and continue over a period of time, this is sufficient. The process of constructive personality change will follow. (Kirschenbaum and Henderson p221) Stedmans provide a medical definition of Supportive psychotherapy as psychotherapy aiming at bolstering the patients psychological defences and providing reassurance, as in crisis intervention, rather than probing provocatively into the patients conflicts and in consideration of this the above conditions can be interpreted as a framework for the provision of a supportive environment for the therapeutic process. Therapeutic Process The case of Mary Jane Tilden, seen by Rogers in 1946, is noted by Patricia Raskin (1996, p135) as being an excellent example of the classical Rogerian approach, subsequently being subject to review from both client-centred and contemporary psychoanalytic viewpoints. The case of Mary Jane involves a withdrawn woman of 20 brought into therapy by her mother, seemingly struggling to break free from the influence of others and to resolve deep internal conflicts, apparently having tried but repeatedly failing to pass through the adolescent stages of life into maturity. Rogers had a total of 11 sessions with Mary Jane, during which marked changes are seen to take place, particularly in the later sessions when more rapid change becomes evident. Throughout the early sessions Rogers continues to support, recognise and clarify feelings even when the client portrays an extremely bleak outlook, making repeated references to sanatoriums, inadequacy, comparison to others and even mentioning suicide and possible brain damage. Mary Jane repeatedly tries to place ownership onto Rogers, asking many questions and seemingly becoming quite frustrated at his refusal to provide answers. Rogers refuses to supply answers whilst consistently remaining empathic and supportive. In the third session we see Mary Jane pushing for answers but interestingly on this occasion when left to her own thinking she works out the answer for herself. Reviewing the Mary Jane case Dingman (1996) considers that Rogers consistently refrained from providing the answers or strategies repeatedly requested, or to provide advice or guidance choosing instead to remain emphatically present, to understand her frustration and confusion without prescription for changeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [and] would not undermine Mary Janes movement toward encountering fully the what I am by providing answers (Farber Brink and Raskin 1996, p202). Although tentative moves toward improvement in earlier sessions are apparent, a definite step change is noted during session seven as Mary Jane recognises her internal conflicts. Lengthy pauses prevail as Rogers allows time for independent information processing and solution identification. In session eight the realisation of her parents influence becomes apparent however the hopelessness is now clearly interspersed with awareness, insight and tentative positivity. Dingman proposes within the empathic enclosure that Rogers provided, Mary Janes introspective, intellectual interest in self shifted slowly to more primary experiencing (Farber Brink and Raskin 1996, p202). Geller and Gould (1996) acknowledge Rogers achieved success in strengthening Mary Janes capacities for autonomy and mutuality and that she had become increasingly self-accepting, but argue Rogers and Mary Jane never did achieve full agreement on the goals of treatment, their relative responsibilities or the kind of relationship required to do the therapy work (Farber Brink and Raskin 1996, p218). They argue Rogers responded to Mary Janes strengths but was neither empathic nor perceptive about her more negative feelings, failing to address unconscious conflicts and therefore potentially limiting the depth of her explorations in these areas. They question whether follow through would have produced more enduring gains. Accelerated change is observed during the last few sessions, with Mary Jane confronting dependence issues. Although still asking questions she no longer pushes for responses, instead progressing to answer independently. In the final session Mary Jane speaks of progress made and changes experienced, noting that it has become easier to talk with more reliance on instinct and an ability to act natural. Raising concern improvement may be temporary, she nonetheless appears confident that she now has the ability to cope. Considering Mary Janes movement toward adjustment, Dingman refers to the necessity for resolution of all her preconceived notions of what she should do and should be prior to ceasing to resist and so shift toward acceptance of what I am, stating Evaluation, comparison, analysis, the longing to be what one is not all this had to die for the new living pattern to emerge. (Farber Brink and Raskin 1996, p208) In reviewing Rogers management of the case, Geller and Gould comment Rogers style of working can be viewed as essentially directed toward helping Mary Jane forge a cohesive sense of self, capable of individuationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Rogers primary aim was to support the development of the clients unique individuality and expressiveness further stating the belief that Rogers approach did promote therapeutic change in Mary Jane through consistently providingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦empathic responsiveness tempered by optimal frustration, remaining non-judgemental and through a refusal to provide answers or to provide guidance or reassurance thus forcing Mary Jane to take increasing responsibility for her own life. (Farber Brink and Raskin 1996, p224) Geller and Gould state the classical psychoanalytical view that reconstruction was paramount to the therapeutic process, noting that this view has since evolved to recognise the role of the relationship and concluding that Carl Rogers demonstrated, 20 years before the current popularity of short term psychodynamic psychotherapy, that it was possible to achieve ambitious therapeutic goals within a relatively short space of time and believe that [Mary Jane] did create some enduring internalized representations of Rogers warmth, support and helpfulness. (Farber Brink and Raskin 1996, p228) The case is therefore a good example of Rogers not deconstructing the past to effect reconstruction, consistently remaining supportively and empathically present. Mary Jane, rather than the therapist, carried out independent deconstruction with subsequent disintegration of all analysis and previous structure before progression toward a reconstructed self resultant from a supportive and empathic relationship. Reconstructive Therapy In understanding the term reconstructive therapy Stedmans definition is considered: a form of therapy such as psychoanalysis, that seeks not only to alleviate symptoms but also to produce alterations in maladaptive character structure and to expedite new adaptive potentials; this aim is achieved by bringing into consciousness an awareness of insight into conflicts, fears, inhibitions, and their manifestations. Sperry states supportive psychotherapy is differentiated from reconstructive psychotherapy and considers the goal of reconstructive psychotherapy is to work through the abandonment depressionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ This leads to the achievement of ego autonomy and the transformation of split object relations into whole object relation and the split ego into a whole ego. Supportive psychotherapy is noted as being less intensive and regressive. (Sperry 2003, p97) To achieve deeper understanding of differences between reconstructive and Rogerian therapy, Interpersonal Reconstructive Therapy is considered. Benjamin states therapy starts with learning to recognise your patterns, where they came from and what they are for (Benjamin 2006, p21), considering problem behaviours and associated symptoms represent attachment centred around dysfunctional relationships with important persons in early life, referencing Bowlbys 1977 assumption that important early relationships provide internal working models for a child. Benjamin explains The linchpin of IRTà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦is the process of coming to terms with important persons and their internalised representations (IPIRs)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦coming to terms compares to working through in traditional psychodynamic therapy (Benjamin 2006 p73). In total contrast to the Rogerian approach, IRT is structured and directive, aiming at reconstruction and is configured of five sequential steps commencing with the identification of patterns. Movement through a deconstruction stage relying heavily on regression, before progression through a reconstruction process leads to final embracing of change. The goal is that the impossible wishes that support the quest for psychic proximity to the IPIRs must be recognised, grieved for and given up. Then reconstruction of personality can begin (Benjamin 2006 p326) Research Basavanthappa (2007) considers Supportive therapy to be the most widely practised form of individual psychotherapy today, and on review of the Mary Jane Tilden case there is seemingly agreement that Rogers supportive approach successfully achieved a positive outcome. To quantify these opinions research evidence is explored, prior to consideration and discussion of any potential limitations a strictly Rogerian approach may present. Two independent studies (Friedli et al 1997; Bower et al 2000) based on randomised, controlled assessment concluded that person-centred, non-directive therapy more than holds its own compared with other forms of therapy. (Feltham and Horton, 2006, p296) Analysing the outcome of The Menniger Psychotherapy Research Project carried out in the 1950s, Howitz (1974) suggested that patientsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦did improve significantly in supportive therapy, given the achievement of a powerful therapeutic alliance. (Fonagy, nd). Reanalysis by Wallerstein in 1986, reported on the long term follow up (Fonagy, nd), and Sperry (2003) states the report outcomes suggest that supportive treatment is able to bring about the basic personality changes that were expected only from reconstructive dynamic psychotherapy, before concluding despite Kerbergs (84) characteristic of Supportive Psychotherapy as a treatment of last resort Supportive Psychotherapy is a potent intervention. (Sperry 2003, p98) The Hamburg study (1981), involving comparison of client-centred and psychoanalytic therapy, concluded In direct comparison of psychological test scores between cct and pt groups, few significant differences emerged and none of those that did were replicated in subsequent analyses. (Fonagy nd, p301). Cooper (2008, p128) notes that psychotherapy researchers such as Lambert have estimated that relational factors account for around 30% of the variance in outcomes whilst technique and orientation factors may contribute only 15% toward overall outcome of therapy with Wampold (2001) calculating a much lower figure of only 1%. Furthermore, the Task Force of the Psychotherapy Division of the American Psychological Association, found demonstrably effective elements for positive therapeutic outcomes to include empathy (Bohart et Al 2002) and promising and probably effective elements to include positive regard (Farber and Lane 2002) and congruence or genuiness (Klein et al 2002) (Feltham and Horton, 2006, p67). Research by Bohart and Tallmand (1999:51) concluded from a client perspective, the most important aspects of therapy typically are the non-technological factors: having a time and place to talk; having someone care, listen and understand; having someone provide encouragement and reassurance; having someone offer an external perspective and advice (Cooper 2008, p99). These findings reinforce Heines 1950 study quoted by Rogers (1967) concluding that regardless of therapeutic orientation it was the attitudinal elements in the relationship that accounted for positive outcome. These include trust felt in the therapist, being understood by the therapist, the feeling of independence they had had in making choices and decisions and therapist ability to clarify and state feelings. Elements found to be unhelpful included the giving of direct specific advice or emphasising past history rather than present problems. Cooper concludes that the quality of the therapeutic relationship is closely associated with therapeutic outcomes across both relationally and non-relationally orientated therapies (Cooper 2008, p120). On review of empirically supported treatments subjected to rigorous experimental studies against specific forms of psychological distress, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is repeatedly presented as a treatment of proven effectiveness (Cooper (2008) p38-45), consequently being adopted by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) as a treatment of choice for many psychological disorders. Cooper notes, however, that the lack of evidence does not correlate to lack of effectiveness pointing out the need for further research to support the effectiveness of other therapies. In summarising technique and practice factors, Cooper considers that although there is little evidence to support the effectiveness of one technique over any other, CBT has the strongest evidence base, particularly for anxiety related issues. Cooper also suggests that although there is evidence to support directive and non-directive methods extremes of either should be avoided. Humanistic techniques, when undertaken effectively and with the result of deepening levels of experiencing and emotional processing can be linked to positive therapeutic outcome. (Cooper 2208, p154) Research by Glass and Arnkoff (2000) suggests that a collaborative approach is favourable, and whilst the above research promotes the effectiveness of CBT, Kirschet al. (1995) found hypnotic procedures have been found to significantly enhance the efficacy of CBT (Cooper 2008, p174). One such model taking this approach is presented by Assen Aladdin in his Cognitive Hypnotherapy model, with Aladdin quoting research studies by Schoenberger (2000) and Kirsch, Montgomery and Saperstein (1995) as concluding that hypnotherapy was found to be significantly superior to non-hypnotic treatment when combined with CBT (Aladdin 2008, p10). Limitations Considering limitations of the client-centred approach Corey (2001) quotes feedback from an exercise by Cain (1988): Person centred therapy is too simple. It is limited to techniques of attending and reflecting. The approach is ineffective and leads to undirected rambling by the client. Rather than emphasising the counsellor as a person, it would be better to focus on developing a variety of techniques that can be applied to solving specific problems. More emphasis should be placed on systematic training of counselling skills and less on the attitudes of the counsellor. It is not necessarily true that individuals have within them a growth potential or actualising tendency. Not all clients have the capacity to trust their own inner direction and find their own answers. (Corey 2001, p186) In reviewing the above, one could question whether these represent the failings of the approach if carried out incompletely than in the method originally intended by Rogers. Indeed, prior to this Corey comments Therapist authenticity and congruence are so vital to this approach that those who practice within this framework must feel natural in doing so à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ If not, a real possibility is thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦therapy will be reduced to a bland, safe, and ineffectual pabulum. (Corey 2001, p185) By nature, the purist Rogerian approach is heavily dependant on the therapist and their abilities to meet the conditions Rogers considered essential to ensure necessary and sufficient conditions of therapy, and therefore the extent to which the outcome is also dependent on the therapist has to be questioned. On reviewing the nine case commentaries in The Psychotherapy of Carl Rogers Cases and Commentaries (1996), it becomes apparent how inconsistent Rogers approach can appear, with notable changes in both his style and approach between clients, not only indicating the importance of therapist ability but further questioning the extent of therapist influence on the process. Research by Sasche(2004) concluded that clients are not particularly good, by themselves, at deepening their levels of processing and that they are strongly influenced by their therapists statements Sasche explains that deepening statements conducive to more productive therapeutic work are actively achieved by the therapist through reflection at a deeper level, with flattening statements reflecting back at the same or shallower level producing more superficial client processing (Cooper 2008, p141). This suggests the therapist is therefore very much in control of the therapy process, even in a non-directive approach. Whilst it is evident on study of Rogers cases that he frequently encourages deepening of experience in the way that his reflection is carried out, he also appears to subtlety challenge clients in the process. Corey (2001, p185) notes that many therapists fail to achieve this and that they have limited the range of their responses and counselling styles to reflections and emphatic listening becoming client-centred to the extent that they diminish the value of their own power as a person and thus lose the impact of their personality on the client Conclusion There is considerable research evidence suggesting the importance of the therapeutic relationship, and moreover to the specific qualities of empathy, positive regard and congruence all of which are pivotal to Rogerian therapy, however further empirical research is required to enable links to positive outcomes for specific psychological issues. research evidence that the therapeutic conditions are both necessary and sufficient is not unequivocal, though much of it suffers from inadequate methodology and the possibility of poorly reported and discussed reportsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦this research forms the basis of the mainstream viewà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦that the therapeutic relationship is the key factor in successful outcome. (Feltham and Horton 2006 p296) Whilst the relationship is evidently key for a positive therapeutic outcome, utilising relationship alone relies solely on therapists ability to emulate Rogers intended approach. It is logical to assume this is likely to produce more inconsistent results than a structured therapy integrating the Rogerian approach could achieve. There is also evidence to suggest that extremes of either directiveness or passiveness are detrimental and also that a collaborative approach is the most appropriate intervention in ensuring a positive outcome. A feasibly conclusion can be drawn that a collaborative approach (Glass and Arnkoff 2000) combining a relationship comprising empathy, positive regard and congruence (Task Force Study) with CBT (Cooper 2008) and enhanced by hypnotherapy (Kirsch et al 1995) could hold the potential to provide a consistently effective and positive therapeutic intervention in the alleviation of psychological disorders with further empirical research needed to prove efficacy for specific forms of psychological distress.

Portrayal of Marriage in Wuthering Heights and Scarlet Letter Essay exa

â€Å"The convention of marriage is portrayed as a force which is detrimental to characters achieving their desires† Set in the North of England, the convention of marriage is prominent in Victorian society. This is shown as very detrimental to many characters in Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s ‘Wuthering Heights’ leading to marriages in which, neither the bride nor groom know each other well enough to spend their lives together, causing a breakdown of their relationship and pain for surrounding characters. Brontà « shows that, without love, a marriage is unable to function and prevents those involved from achieving their desires. In ‘Scarlet Letter’, Nathaniel Hawthorne proves to the reader that an unfortunate marriage can lead to adultery, revenge and unhappiness, caused by traditional conventionality. Catherine’s marriage to Edgar Linton is motivated by her desires to advance socially causing severe emotional damage for herself, Linton and of course, Heathcliff, who feels total adoration towards her. The force of conventionality is shown by Brontà « here, as although Catherine is so powerfully in love with Heathcliff and has such intense feelings towards him, she marries Linton instead, with whom she shares nothing like the love and connection that she has with Heathcliff. Brontà « not only shows here the faults within Catherine’s character but also the problems within society at the time, that money and status are most important in finding a husband. Heathcliff views this marriage as betrayal, bringing out the worst in his character as he dedicates his life to planning revenge. By denying herself union with Heathcliff she causes herself and Heathcliff deep emotional pain. The convention in Victorian society of marriage being a way of advancing socially ... ...as an obligation, where you were unable to choose your husband or had to choose for financial stability rather than love and companionship. The Church at the time of the setting was highly condemnatory against sin, most particularly in this case where a woman betrays the contract of marriage as men were seen as the most important and respect worthy in a marriage with women treated as second class citizens. In conclusion, one can see that in both novels the idea that the convention of marriage can cause many problems and can overall be detrimental to characters achieving their desires as in Wuthering Heights we see the torment of characters whom the marriage has caused pain and we also see the damaging effects of marriage in The Scarlet Letter as we see Hester’s love life shatter as she breaks the bond of marriage that was so sacred in the 17th century by adultery.

Blackberry

The product that we have chosen Is Blackberry smartened. The term BlackBerry refers to a line of wireless handheld devices and services designed and marketed by BlackBerry Limited, formerly known as Research In Motion Limited (RIM). Target Markets: Its target markets are Business professionals who opt for high security text messaging and E-mails.Productivity of BlackBerry and why It has Targeted the business professionals: During the early 20005, Research In Motion's Blackberry's were the most popular smartness In the world; since then, though, RIM's market hare In the Industry has been eaten up by Apple's Phone and Google's Android. Still, the BlackBerry remains a popular model amongst business professionals, as It offers not only a fast and powerful processor, but also Blackberry's Enterprise Services.This corporate email system makes it easy and convenient for professionals on-the-go to connect to their respective corporate email accounts and is undedicated by other major smartene d lines like the phone and Android. Visualize and risk taking strategy: Blackberry main strategy is how secure the customer data and E-mails with this agenda they mainly targeted the business professionals which can be called as a Niche market . With the development of new technology and o. The Android smart phones and phone devices which made the technology user friendly with millions of APS. These Android mobiles and phone has targeted each and every individual right from students who are interested in playing games but also the business professionals by integrating and synchronizing treachery in Motion's future grows iffier each quarter as it signs on fewer new customers and has had to discount large numbers of BlackBerry smartness and Playback tablets to clear inventory.The company revealed today that its revenue dropped 25 percent in the last fiscal quarter versus a year earlier, a decrease of $5. 6 billion. RIM executives said they were willing to explore other business models , such as licensing all or some BlackBerry technologies to other companies. Some Investors have suggested that RIM license or sell access to Its secure messaging network or Its BlackBerry Messenger instant messaging service.RIM has licensed there IBM services and made the app available In android and Los this made the Blackberry unique. Santos Krishna Surest shogun Blackberry By Crackerjacks messaging and E-mails. Productivity of BlackBerry and why it has Targeted the business professionals: During the early sass, Research in Motion's Blackberry's were the most popular smartness in the world; since then, though, RIM's market share in the industry has been eaten up by Apple's phone and Google's Android.Still, the BlackBerry remains a popular model amongst business professionals, as it offers not only a fast and powerful processor, but also BlackBerry's Enterprise agenda they mainly targeted the business professionals which can be called as a phones and ‘phone devices which made the technology user friendly with millions of PlayBook tablets to clear inventory.The company revealed today that its revenue as licensing all or some BlackBerry technologies to other companies. Some investors have suggested that RIM license or sell access to its secure messaging network or its services and made the app available in android and ISO this made the Blackberry

Monopoly vs. oligopoly Essay

Monopolies and Oligopolies are both marketing situations that are present in today’s economic system. Many people are aware of what a monopoly is and the federal government has even taken steps to make monopolies in the United States illegal. However many are unaware of the many oligopolies operating in the US economic system today. Monopolies and Oligopolies are similar but not the same, this paper will explore their similarities and differences, and provide examples of both operating in today’s economic system. A monopoly is where one cooperation or business controls the supply of a particular good or service. In monopolies these firms or cooperation’s not only try to control their respective industry but go out of their way to stop others from entering with heavy restrictions, low price costs, and strategic marketing plans. The business dictionary defines oligopoly as; a few or single supplier effectively controlling the supply and therefore the price of a particular product or service creating a seller’s market. These two situations as defined are similar in the fact that one or few corporations or businesses control the industry and its prices. The consumer is the target in both situations; you see where its one or few the consumer is forced to pay the prices set by these controlling corporations. Monopolies and Oligopolies differ in a few ways. In a monopoly you have one cooperation that controls the price and supply of the said product or service, allowing for no competition. Or in other words allowing them to charge consumers whatever price that want and even the opportunity to raise prices at any time for no reason thus in a way holding the consumer hostage. In oligopolies there is more than one major player and this allows for some competition in the industry. It also gives consumers more than one option. If one company lowers the price a consumer may choose to switch companies. The most evident difference as stated above is that monopolies are illegal and mandated by the US government where oligopolies are a common market situation in the United States. A great example of an oligopoly is the US Automobile industry. There are a variety of manufactures to choose from,however most Americans will agree the major players are Ford, General Motors, Honda and Toyota. These major players in the industry control the actions of each other and their competitors. In 2005, GM offered customers employee pricing. This affected the whole industry, Ford, Toyota and other manufacturers were forced to do the same thing or offer something better in order to match the prices of GM to generate profits in the industry. This is a common marketing strategy for automobile manufacturers, the use these tactics to anticipate the next move of their competitors. It also can cause smaller manufacturing companies to go out of business as they can no longer compete with these large companies. Monopolies are a little harder to explain in today’s economic system as they are illegal. However they do still exist, for example utility companies usually operate in specific areas where they do not have competition. Consumers are forced to use them do to the region, city or district in which they live. They do not have choices and are required to pay whatever prices their utility company charges for the service. Another good example would be DirecTV, while there are other cable and satellite companies to choose from they offer a service no other company can; NFL Package. They are the exclusive owner of this service and football fans have no other option that offers them every game anytime at their fingertips. Most notable in recent history was Microsoft, who was inevitably fined and regulated by the US government in 1998. While monopolies and oligopolies have their similarities and differences the consumer is the target of both and is a victim to these multimillion dollar corporations and industries. Monopolies even if illegal still exist and operate in today’s economy. Oligopolies are very prevalent and still allow corporations and businesses to operate at will against the consumer as long as there is competition among the various players in the industry. Whether a monopoly or an oligopoly the consumer has little to no say in the market situation and one or few businesses are allowed to dictate prices and supply of their respective products and services. Works Cited Evans, K.(2013, 02 21). Monopoly Vs. Oligopoly. Retrieved from E How Money: http://www. ehow. com/about_4795365_monopoly-vs-oligopoly. html Site contributor. (2013). Dictionary . Com. Retrieved 02 21, 2013, from Dictionary. com: http://dictionary. reference. com/ Stein, T. (1999, November 6). Microsoft Ruled a Monopoly / Court finds firm abused its power. Retrieved from SanFransico Chronicle: http://www. sfgate. com/news/article/Microsoft-Ruled-a-Monopoly-Court-finds-firm-2899336. php.

Free Essays on Financial Statement Lease Disclosure

SUBJECT: Disclosure of Lease in Wheeling Ironworks’ Financial Statements As a shareholder of Wheeling Ironworks I am concerned about the disclosure of the non-cancelable warehouse lease that was signed at the end of 2001 to provide storage for excess inventory. In order for the financial statements to fulfill their purpose as the principal means of communicating accounting information they must disclose information such as this lease. The signing of such a lease is important in determining the approximate the value of the company because of the future expenses that will be incurred as a result of the lease and because the reason the lease was signed gives valuable information about the amount of inventory the company holds. The non-cancelable ten year lease is a material change and it is important that the shareholders are aware of it. In order to appropriately disclose this information the lease should be disclosed in a footnote to the 2001 financial statements detailing both the term and cost of the lease. In 2002 and the following years the rent expense should be recorded as usual and a similar footnote should be included. The lease will not be reflected on the December 31, 2001 balance sheet because no expense has been incurred at that point in time. The balance sheet accounts that will be affected by the lease are cash and prepaid rent. These accounts will reflect the lease on January 1, 2002 when the rent for the year will be paid. However, by disclosing the lease in the footnotes, decision makers are provided with important information about planned expenditures as well as the company’s increasing need for inventory storage. The lease of the warehouse for $10,000 a year for the next ten years is important because it is a significant set of future expenditures which could influence the company’s future success. Also, the fact that the warehouse was needed to store excess inventory gives shareholders usef... Free Essays on Financial Statement Lease Disclosure Free Essays on Financial Statement Lease Disclosure SUBJECT: Disclosure of Lease in Wheeling Ironworks’ Financial Statements As a shareholder of Wheeling Ironworks I am concerned about the disclosure of the non-cancelable warehouse lease that was signed at the end of 2001 to provide storage for excess inventory. In order for the financial statements to fulfill their purpose as the principal means of communicating accounting information they must disclose information such as this lease. The signing of such a lease is important in determining the approximate the value of the company because of the future expenses that will be incurred as a result of the lease and because the reason the lease was signed gives valuable information about the amount of inventory the company holds. The non-cancelable ten year lease is a material change and it is important that the shareholders are aware of it. In order to appropriately disclose this information the lease should be disclosed in a footnote to the 2001 financial statements detailing both the term and cost of the lease. In 2002 and the following years the rent expense should be recorded as usual and a similar footnote should be included. The lease will not be reflected on the December 31, 2001 balance sheet because no expense has been incurred at that point in time. The balance sheet accounts that will be affected by the lease are cash and prepaid rent. These accounts will reflect the lease on January 1, 2002 when the rent for the year will be paid. However, by disclosing the lease in the footnotes, decision makers are provided with important information about planned expenditures as well as the company’s increasing need for inventory storage. The lease of the warehouse for $10,000 a year for the next ten years is important because it is a significant set of future expenditures which could influence the company’s future success. Also, the fact that the warehouse was needed to store excess inventory gives shareholders usef...

Intellectual Property Rights Example

The Internet/Intellectual Property Rights Example The Internet/Intellectual Property Rights – Coursework Example Importance of enforcing intellectual property violations The Smart Border is a package that was suggested by the Commission in February 2013.it was made after European communication in February 2008 proposing the administration of an entry/ exit system and a registered traveller programme. Smart Borders’ aim is to better the management of the external borders of Schengen member states. In addition to this, it also aims to discourage irregular immigration and information supply about the overstayers. Moreover, it intends to facilitate border crossings towards pre-vetted third country national travellers. It allows a legal flow of goods and services resulting in economic growth (Warburton, 2014).Intellectual property theft refers to the taking off one’s ideas, inventions and creativity without their permission. Intellectual property is anything ranging from trade secrets, proprietary products, movie and music’s parts. Theft has risen particularly with the increase of digital technologies and internet sharing files. IP violation is considered undesirable and unprofitable because it costs U.S a lot of money which is approximately billion of dollars per year. It steals jobs and causes loss of tax revenues in the nation as well.Enforcement of Intellectual property violation is significant because it ends the stealing of ideas that promote the market for the newly made products. For instance, most of the medicines and technology products rely on the design, innovation, research, design and testing applied in their production. Therefore, robbing of the above may lower the market of products made. Also, the enforcement grants rights to the creative thinkers to demand payment of their stolen designs, inventions and creations. In addition to this, the implementation helps in solving the world disputes.Executive order 13,133 is made by the U.S president to improve the critical infrastructure and to ensure there is cyber security. For instance, section 1 policy demonstrates the need to improve the security in cyber. Misuse of the internet can lead to panic selling of shares due to the provision of false information. Evacuation is another result of the messages that are untrue from the internet forcing people to vacate and leave their businesses with no one to take care of (Julius Bombet & Steven Cooper, 2005). ReferencesJulius Bombet, C. L. I., CFE, M. B., & Steven Cooper, J. D. (2005). Intellectual Property Theft. Corporate Investigations, 375.Warburton, C. E. (2014). Intellectual Property Theft. The Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice.

Single Variable Equations in Algebra ACT Math Strategies

Single Variable Equations in Algebra ACT Math Strategies SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Single variable equations are some of the most common types of problems on the ACT math section. You must know how to set up, use, and manipulate these kinds of equations, as they are a foundational element of mathematics upon which more complicated expressions (multiple variable, quadratics, etc.) are based. So make sure you are prepared to tackle the ins and outs of single variable equations (no matter how they are presented on the ACT), before you take on some of the more complicated elements of ACT math. This guide will be your complete walk-through of single variable equations for the ACTwhat they are, how you’ll see them on the test, and how to set up and solve them. And the mystery unfolds. What Are Single Variable Equations? To understand a single variable equation, let us break it into its two components: the variable and the equation. A variable is a symbolic placeholder for a number we do not yet know. It’s very common to see $x$ or $y$ used as a variable in math problems, but variables can be represented by any symbol or letter. $x + 4 = 14$ In this case, $x$ is our variable. It represents a number that is currently unknown. An equation sets two mathematical expressions equal to one another. This equality is represented with an equals sign (=) and each side of the expression can be as simple as a single integer or as complex as an expression with multiple variables, exponents, or anything else. $({x +y^2})/14 - 65(x - 3) = 2$ The above is an example of an equation. Each side of the expression equals the other. So if we put together our definitions, we know that: A single variable equation is an equation in which there is only one variable used. (Note: the variable can be used multiple times and/or used on either side of the equation; all that matters is that the variable remains the same.) ${(x + 4)}/2 = 12$ $6x + 3 - 2x = 19$ $4y - 2 = y + 7$ These are all examples of single variable equations. You can see how some expressions used the variable multiple times or used the variable in both expressions (on either side of the equals sign). No matter how many times the variable is used, these still count as single variable problems because the variable remains constant and there are no other variables. Finding your missing variable is like finding that last missing piece of the puzzle. Typical Single Variable Equations on the ACT Single variable equations will fall into two broad categories on the ACTgiven equations and word problems. Let’s look at each type. Given Equations A given equation will provide you with the equation you need to use to solve the problem. We will go through the exact processes needed to solve this kind of problem in the next section, but for now just understand that your goal is to isolate your variable. (We will go through how to solve this question later in the guide) As you can see from this problem, the isolated variable may not be your final answer. Sometimes the question will ask you to solve for $x$, sometimes the question will ask you to solve for $x$ to a different term (as in this case, where they ask you to find $2x$). Always pay close attention to exactly what the question is asking you to find! You need to first isolate your $x$ to solve the problem, but if you stop there then you will get the final answer wrong. Word Problems A word problem describes a scene in which you must set up your own single variable equation to solve it. Again, your final answer may be the value of your variable ($x$ or $y$, etc.) or your variable taken to a different term ($2x$, $y/2$, etc.). (We will go through how to solve this question later in the guide) How to Manipulate a Single Variable Equation In order to solve a single variable equation, we must isolate our variable on one side of the equation. And the way we do this is by shifting the rest of our terms to the other side of the equation. In order to shift our terms (numbers), we must therefore cancel them out on their original side by performing the opposite function of the term. Opposite function pairs are: Addition and subtraction Multiplication and division So if we have a term on one side that has a plus sign (addition), we must subtract that same amount from both sides. $x + 2 = 6$ $x + 2 - 2 = 6 - 2$ $x = 4$ If we have a term that is multiplied, we must divide that same amount from both sides. $3x = 18$ ${3x}/3 = 18/3$ $x = 6$ And so on. Whatever you do on one side of the equation, you must do on the other. This cancels out like terms and essentially moves your terms from one side of the equation to the other. Single variable equations are all about maintaining balance. Steps to Solving a Single Variable Problem Let us take a typical variable expression and break it into the steps needed to solve it. $3y - 10 + 2y = 15$. Find $y$. 1) Combine like terms If there is more than one term with a same variable, we must combine them in order to ultimately isolate that variable. We can add or subtract terms with a same variable in the same way we can any other numbers. $3y - 10 + 2y = 15$ Here we have a $3y$ and a $2y$. They are both positive, so we add them together. $3y + 2y = 5y$ So now our equation looks like this: $5y - 10 = 15$ 2) Isolate the term with your variable Once we have combined our variables, we must isolate the variable term. If the term is simply the variable itself (e.g. $y$), then we can skip this step. But since our term her is $5y$, we must isolate the whole term first. $5y - 10 = 15$ So we must add 10 to either side of our equation. Why? Because we have a negative 10 and addition is the opposite of subtraction. And we must do it to either side to cancel out the 10 on the first expression in order to isolate our variable. $5y - 10 + 10 = 15 + 10$ $5y = 25$ 3) Isolate your variable Now that we’ve isolated our term ($5y$), we can further isolate the variable itself. Again, we perform an opposite function of the term. In this case, we have $5y$, which uses multiplication. In order to isolate the variable, we must therefore use division (the opposite of multiplication) by dividing on both sides. $5y = 25$ ${5y}/5 = 25/5$ $y = 5$ 4) Double-check your variable by plugging it back in Now that we’ve solved for our variable, let us check to make sure it is correct by plugging it back into the original equation. $y = 5$ $3y - 10 + 2y = 15$ $3(5) - 10 + 2(5) = 15$ $15 - 10 + 10 = 15$ $15 = 15$ Success! We have correctly isolated the variable and found its value. 5) And, finally, double-check to make sure you are answering the right question! In this case, we are done, because our initial question asked us to find the value of $y$. But you must always double-check to make sure you are answering the right question. If they had asked us the value for $5y$ or $y/3$, then we would have gotten the answer wrong if we had stopped here at $y = 5$. Always double-check that your variable is correct and that you are answering the question the test is asking you to answer. Now let’s try it again with our problem from earlier: We have $7 + 3x = 22$ and we must isolate our variable in order to ultimately find $2x$ Step 1, combine like terms: There are no like terms to combine, so we can skip step 1. Step 2, isolate variable term: $7 + 3x = 22$ $7 - 7 + 3x = 22 - 7$ $3x = 15$ Step 3, isolate variable: $3x = 15$ ${3x}/3 = 15/3$ $x = 5$ Step 4, double-check answer: $7 + 3(5) = 22$ $7 + 15 = 22$ $22 = 22$ Success. But wait! We’re not done just yet. Step 5, look at what the final question is asking: We must finish the question by finding $2x$ $x = 5$ $2(5) = 10$ So our final answer is G, $2x = 10$ It may appearthatperforming a single variable equation requires a lot of steps, but the more you practice, the easier and more instinctive this process will become. Test Your Knowledge 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Answers:C, G, B, G, E Answer Explanations: 1) Ms. Lewis begins by driving 900 miles at 50 miles per hour and we want to find out how much faster she must go to travel the same amount of miles in three hours less time. Because she is driving the same amount, we can set these terms equal. We are also only working with the variable of miles per hour, so this is a single variable equation. Now, the two sides of the equation are dealing with miles and miles per hour. The first half of our equation will look like this: $(900/50) - 3$ Why? Because Ms. Lewis is driving 900 miles at 50 miles per hour, so we need to divide the miles by mph in order to find out her travel time. And then we must reduce that amount by 3 because we are told that her new travel time will be 3 miles less than that. This means that the other half of our equation will look like this: $900/x$ Why? Because we know that the number of miles she drives will be the same, but our unknown is her miles per hour. Now let's put them together and solve for our variable. $(900/50) - 3 = 900/x$ $18 - 3 = 900/x$ $15 = 900/x$ Now we must isolate our $x$ value. Because it is acting as a denominator, we must multiply both sides of the equation by $x$. $x * 15 = (900/x) * x$ $15x = 900$ Now, we can divide both sides by 15 in order to isolate our $x$ value. $15x = 900$ ${15x}/15 = 900/15$ $x = 60$ Finally, let us plug this value back into our original equation to double-check our answer. $(900/50) - 3 = 900/x$ $(900/50) - 3 = 900/60$ $15 = 15$ We have successfully found our $x$ value, which is the new mileage per hour that Ms. Lewis must travel. But wait, we're not done yet! The question asked us to find out how much faster she must drive, not the new miles per hour at which she must travel. This means we must take the difference of the original miles per hour and the new miles per hour. $60 - 50 = 10$ She must drive 10 miles per hour faster in order to drive the same amount in three hours less time. So our final answer is C, 10. 2) Here we have two cable companies and we are told that we must solve for when their rates are equal after an equal number of months. That means we have a single variable (the number of months) and we have an equation because we are setting each side equal (since the question specifies that their prices will be equal after an unknown number of months). Uptown Cable has a flat fee of 120 dollars and an additional fee of 25 dollars per month. The flat fee will be unchanged (it only happens once), but the 25 dollars will be affected by the number of months. Since the number of months is our unknown variable, let’s give it a value of $x$. So our first expression will look like this: $120 + 25x$ Now Downtown Cable has a 60 dollar flat fee (occurs only once) and a 35 dollar per month fee. We are trying the find the equal number of months for a Downtown Cable package and an Uptown Cable package, so our variable, $x$, will remain the same. So our second expression will look like this: $60 + 35x$ Now we set the two expressions equal to one another. (Why? Because we are told that the prices will be equal after a certain number of months.) $120 + 25x = 60 + 35x$ Now we solve by shifting the terms on each side of the equation. First, let us combine our variable terms by subtracting 25x from each side. $120 + 25x - 25x = 60 + 35x - 25x$ $120 = 60 + 10x$ Now, let us subtract 60 from each side. $120 - 60 = 60 - 60 + 10x$ $60 = 10x$ And finally, let us isolate our variable. $60/10 = {10x}/10$ $6 = x$ So our final answer is G, in exactly 6 months, the prices of each cable package will be equal. 3) This question relies on manipulating fractions. If this process is unfamiliar to you, definitely check out our guide to ACT fractions and ratios. If this is familiar to you, then let’s keep going. ${1/3}k + {1/4}k =1$ We must find a common denominator of the two fractions in order to combine our like terms. In this case, the least common factor of 3 and 4 is 12. (For more on this process, check out our guide to ACT fractions and ratios.) ${4/12}k + {3/12}k = 1$ ${7/12}k = 1$ Now we have a number (7) being divided by another number (12). We know that division is the opposite of multiplication, so we must multiply each side by 12. $12 * {7/12}k = 1 * 12$ $7k = 12$ And finally, we must divide each side by 7 to isolate our variable. $7k = 12$ ${7k}/7 = 12/7$ $k = 12/7$ So our final answer is B, $12/7$ 4) We have a consultant with a flat (one time) fee of 30 dollars and an additional fee of 45 dollars per hour. Because the 45 dollars is hourly, it changes based on our variable (the number of hours). We do not know the number of hours she works, but we do know that her final earnings were 210 dollars. So let’s set this up as an equation. $30 + 45x = 210$ There are no like terms, so we can start isolating our variable. $30 - 30 + 45x = 210 - 30$ $45x = 180$ ${45x}/45 = 180/45$ $x = 4$ So our final answer is G, she worked 4 hours to earn 210 dollars. 5) This is a single variable problem that can be solved in one of two waysyou can either distribute first and then solve, or you can solve without the need to distribute. We’ll go through both ways here. Solve with distributing: $9(x - 9) = -11$ First, distribute your 9 across the expression $(x - 9)$ $9(x) - 9(9) = -11$ $9x - 81 = -11$ Now, isolate your variable term as usual. $9x - 81 + 81 = -11 + 81$ $9x = 70$ And finally, isolate your variable. $9x = 70$ ${9x}/9 = 70/9$ So our final answer is E, 70/9. Alternatively, you can solve this problem without the need to distribute your 9 across the expression (x - 9) Solve without distributing: $9(x - 9) = -11$ Divide each side by 9 ${9(x - 9)}/9 = -11/9$ $x - 9 = -11/9$ Now, we must add 9 to each side. $x - 9 + 9 = -11/9 + 9$ $x = -11/9 + 9$ In order to add $-11/9$ and 9, we must give them a common denominator. Again, check out the guide on fractions and ratiosif this process is unfamiliar to you. $x = -11/9 + 9/1(9/9)$ $x = -11/9 + 81/9$ $x = 70/9$ So again, our answer is E, 70/9. Phew! I think this calls for dessert. The Take-Aways Single variations make up the backbone of many other ACT problems. By knowing how to manipulate these kinds of expressions, you’ll be able to build on these techniques to solve much more complex problems and equations. Just remember to always perform the same act to each side of the equation and save isolating your variable for last. Now take your single variable knowledge and conquer the rest of our math guides. You’ve got this. What’s Next? You’ve build up your mathematical foundation and now you’re raring to take on more. Before you start in on another guide to an ACT math topic, make sure you have a good idea of all the topics covered on the ACT math. Think you might need a tutor? Check out the best ways to shop around for a tutor whosuits your needs, whether online or in person. Taken a practice test and don’t know how you match up for schools? Make sure you have a good idea of what your ideal score truly is. And if you feel like you’ve got a handle on the math itself, but struggle with the timing, then be sure to check out on our article on how to stop running out of time on the ACT. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Math lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Love and Relationships Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Love and Relationships - Research Paper Example It talks about a couple, who quarrel as they are waiting for a train. The woman is pregnant, and thus, the couple is traveling to Madrid for an abortion. This is the cause of the conflict, as a man is for the idea while the woman is against the idea of abortion. From the two stories the, authors have represented the themes of love, family and even close family relationship. Consequently, the two stories demonstrate how through love, family, and close relationship characters search for completion, and how finding or separating from a loved one brings a change in a person by making them new. In the story of Araby, the author brings out how the boy who is also the narrator, uses love to search for completion. The boy is just a young man who is in the process of transitioning from adolescent to adulthood. Thus, he experiences love for the first time, but because of several obstacles, fulfilling this love is almost impossible, for example, he cannot even talk to the girl he has a crush on; instead, he watches her steps every day until the girl one day talked to him. Deep inside, the narrator believes that making the love burning inside him is the only way to make him complete. This is why he takes a trip to the Bazaar very seriously where he plans to buy the girl a present, which he would use to confess and express his feelings. As a result, the narrator is highly frustrated when his uncle fails to return on time for him to go to the bazaar and buy the present. This trip is very important to him because he believes it would alleviate him from his lonely and miserable love life. Thus, the boy uses love to search for completion, which he tends to assume, lies in expressing his love to the girl. Moreover, the intense feelings that the boy has for Mangan’s sister shows how much he believes this is the most important thing in his life. The feelings are so much so that when praying, he finds himself whispering the

Will the next generation have a higher or lower standard of living How Essay

Will the next generation have a higher or lower standard of living How and why - Essay Example Predicting the U.S.’s standard of living in the future is therefore based on the past and its current standard of living. However, prior to anticipating what to come in the future, it is also important to know how exactly to evaluate the standard of living of a nation in general. This is also emphasized in the paper. In Western Nations particularly in the United States, the standard of living is moving to an upward spiral trend. It is quite simple to believe on this. However, there must be enough bases prior to believing on this. It is good to consider how exactly to measure standard of living. Household income and expenditures per capita plus own production can be essential yardsticks for measuring standard of living; however such should be included with health, life expectancy, literacy, and access to public goods or common property resources (World Bank, par. 5). Mostly, all of these yardsticks for the standard of living are commonly used in measuring the country’s standard of living. A country with high household income and expenditure but receiving poor health system, can be considered having poor quality of living. In the same way, a higher literacy rate does not necessarily imply that the country has high quality of living. In fact, even if there is higher literacy rate, but the li fe expectancy rate is shorter, then there must be an implication that there is an existing poor quality of living. Even though it is not a perfect measure of the cost of living, price index can also try to gauge the cost of living (Mankiw, 298). There are many noted disadvantages about price index and this only implies that it cannot be the best tool to gauge the existing standard of living of the country. However, because of some of its important economic implications, at some point there is remarkably significant connection between price index and

Joseph Conrad and his influence on other writers Research Paper

Joseph Conrad and his influence on other writers - Research Paper Example Most modern literature encompasses adventure tales as compared to romance as was noted in previous works before his time. Joseph Conrad inspired consequent writers such as; Scott Fitzgerald, Gabriel Garcia Marquez, D.H. Lawrence, Joseph Heller, Virginia Woolf and Albert Camus who were inspired by the artistic works from the book ‘Heart of Darkness’. Others in his modern literary movement included Francis Scott Fitzgerald, D.H. Lawrence, Earnest Hemingway, Graham Greene, Malcolm Lowry, Calvino, Joseph Heller, Hunter Thompson and J.M Coetzee. With no argument, Conrad can be referred to the ‘Father of Modern Literature’ as his works were heartfelt and they reflected events that had happened are greatly referenced to and they act as a guide to all poets who would want to venture into the field of modern literature (Modern British Novel, â€Å"Joseph Conrad Biography†). History of Joseph Conrad Joseph Conrad was born on the third of December 1857 where his birth name was Jozef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski. He was of Polish and French descent. As he was growing up, he learned English as a third language and that was when his name changed to Joseph Conrad. With his intrigue in writing, he turned out to be a fluent Polish English writer and master mariner (because he spent so much time in the sea) who had a great impact in modern English literature in the ages of 1850’s. His story writing skills were far much artistic and he expressed himself in a poetical manner. Some of the great books that Conrad wrote include; â€Å"Heart of Darkness† (1899), â€Å"The Secret Agent† (1907, â€Å"The Lagoon† (1896), â€Å"An Outcast of The Islands† (1896), â€Å"The Nigger of the ‘Narcissus’† (1897), â€Å"Youth† (1898), â€Å"Lord Jim† (1900), â€Å"Amy Foster† (1901), â€Å"The End of The Tether† (1902), â€Å"Typhoon†(1902), â€Å"Nostromo† (1904), †Å"The Secret Sharer† (1909), â€Å"A set of Six† (1908), â€Å"The Duel† (1908), â€Å"Under Western Eyes† (1911) and â€Å"Victory† (1915). Since some of his books were inspired from sea life experiences. For example, â€Å"The Nigger of the ‘Narcissus’† (1897) describes the ship Narcissus that got knocked down in the harsh waters, â€Å"Lord Jim† (1900) was inspired from a sailor character out in the sea and the experiences the sailor faced, â€Å"Youth† (1902) and â€Å"Nostromo† (1904) (ReadBooksOnline, â€Å"Work(s) of Joseph Conrad†). Conrad’s best works included â€Å"The Secret Agent† and the short story â€Å"Heart of Darkness†. â€Å"The Secret Agent† was a book that ranked 46th on the list of The Greatest Books Of The 20th Century. The influence of Joseph Conrad on other writers and his subsequent movements Modernism is a representation of what has occurred or wha t will occur and it is based on pure truism. Joseph Conrad falls under the greatest period called the Modernist Period in English Literature. His works were based on a new way of writing that was filled with expression, passion, human dignity, independence, self confidence and responsibility, terrors in the sea and a twist of fiction. For example, some of the works written in this period included writings from the aftermath of the World War 1 in Europe. His works unknowingly influenced writers such as F. Scott Fitzgerald, Gabriel Garcia Marquez, D.H. Lawrence, Joseph Heller, Virginia Woolf and Albert Camus. â€Å"Heart of Darkness† inspired F. Scott Fitzgerald because he was an American author who specialized in novels, story writing and poet and his literary works were more of adaptive to modern literature. Some of the modernistic books Scott Fitzgerald wrote included, â€Å"The Side of Paradise†, â€Å"The Beautiful and Damned†, â€Å"The great Gatsby†

Introduction to Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Introduction to Business Law - Essay Example On the death of a sole trader the business ceases. Thus if the sole trading option is taken then the investment of 20,000 can be apportioned in accordance with his own judgment and due to his achievement as a good student he can manage the business according to his own ways. The assets would also be owned by him; however, the responsibility of debts and obligations would be without any limit. (Taylor 2009). As far as a partnership is concerned, it is where individuals are in a business and share the assets and liabilities of the partnership, this can be done orally as well. The legislation that governs a partnership is that of Partnership Act 1890. One of the main disadvantage of partnership is that there is unlimited liability of the debts of partnership jointly and severally which could lead to bankruptcy of partners if there is inability of payment of debts. Furthermore there can be failure to issue debentures or floating charges. Contribution to capital would therefore be from partners. The procedure is that when a partner leaves, the remaining partners would buyout his share. When compared with a company there would be lesser formality (memorandum and articles; written agreement; roles of director), expense (registration) and publicity (publicly available accounts). Thus if partnership is used opinions on decision making can be obtained from other partners (there can be sleeping p artners as well); assets ownership can be shared or individually owned; net profits can be shared; debts and obligations can be shared, however failure may result in him being personally accountable to the other partner’s share. As far as a limited company is concerned the main advantage is that the liability is limited to the extent of the unpaid amount of the shares of each shareholder. Thus the shareholders and directors are protected to the extent that they were acting honestly. Furthermore, a company has

Business event Operation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business event Operation - Essay Example The event seeks to deliver an understanding to the customer segments that the newly-developed vodka emanates from the company’s devotion that compelled its staff to embark on a two-year research and development to produce the sophisticated wine with a 100% wheat ingredients (Coulter 2010, p. 5). In order to reach the target consumer groups, the observation has been that the Cavendish London hotel’s eco-friendly practices will match the firm’s need to provoke the understanding that the company is indeed devoted into emulating sustainable measures in every aspect that it will relate to during its endeavours. The choice of holding the event at the Cavendish London matches the marketing and consumer attraction needs since the target high-end clientele will perceive the important aspects outlined in the product and conceive the reality of the attributes since the acceptance of the product’s launch at the hotel will emanate from the evaluations undertaken by the venue’s management to identify the products eco-friendly aspects (Van der Aalst, 2008, p. 190). The four star hotel is located at the city’s commercial centre and its provision of environmentally friendly attributes relate to the newly developed vodka’s sustainability measures and consumption patterns in the target consumer markets (Corrà   2010, p. 2). The emphases that the venue is an appropriate platform emanate from the provision of large conference rooms that can comfortably accommodate the estimated 100 number of guests. Further, the Cavendish management will provide the required dining and enterta inment room, and following the consultations made, the Big Ben Conferencing room and the immediate rooms will be allocated to suit the event’s needs. The two parties have agreed to enter into a mutual agreement in hosting the new vodka launching event. The Cavendish London and the Maitre de Chai profess similar sustainable measures despite their

The Significance of Leadership and Management in Childhood Essay

The Significance of Leadership and Management in Childhood - Essay Example Generally, early childhood education occurs from the time of a child’s birth to the age of eight. However, in the actual sense, this kind of education normally occurs from the time of birth to the time when the child starts attending school. At this point, the child mainly learns through play which therefore becomes the focus of early childhood education. The domain of early childhood education covers social, physical, intellectual, and emotional development as well as the child’s development of creative skills. The development of children in early education greatly depends on a number of factors some of which include the management and leadership of the education centers. The paper will analyze the aspects on management and leadership with respect to early childhood education. Leadership in Early Childhood Education Generally, leadership refers to a process whereby an individual influences the others to accomplish a given objective while directing them in a more cohesi ve and coherent manner. In short leadership is the ability to encourage a group of individuals towards achieving a similar goal according to Anderson and Anderson (2010). Early care and education leadership is not limited to administration and management instead involving also aspects of education. In this sense, leadership in this field demands that practitioners become willing to take reasonable risks and maintain a vision that goes beyond individual organizations, services and programs. With respect to early childhood development, effective leadership encompasses a myriad of activities. Some of these activities include the identification and articulation of collective vision, effective communication, encouraging meditation, and the assessment and monitoring of practice. Other activities that fall in this category include the establishment of distributed leadership, commitment to progressive professional development, the establishment of team culture and a community that is commit ted to learning. Since early care centers have stakeholders that include parents and members of the community, leadership also involves encouraging and facilitating cooperation between the centre, parents and the community. Beyond doubt, leadership in early education also involves innovation, sensitivity to history, context, and diversity. According to Rodd 1996, leadership in early childhood involves kindness, patience, warmth and other attributes associated with goodness to children, parents and the community. Furthermore, leadership as noted by Rodd is concerned with orientation toward certain specific goals, good planning, confidence, and mentoring as well as professional confidence. Management in Early Childhood Education In the current world, early childhood educators face a lot of strategic and management challenges, a situation that demands their acquisition of sound management skills. Management in business terms refers to the organization and coordination of an organizatio n’s activities in accordance with particular policies in order to achieve defined objectives. Management is a discipline which comprises interrelated functions including the formulation of organizational policies, planning, controlling and organizing as well as directing the resources of an organization towards achieving the objectives. Management can involve one person or thousands of individuals depending on the size of the organization in question. Communication Communication involves the transfer of information from one party to another. During early childhood education , educators have the responsibility to communicate with the children under their care. However, in some cases there are barriers to communication which the educators u,must seek to eliminate so as to achieve

Business event Operation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business event Operation - Essay Example The event seeks to deliver an understanding to the customer segments that the newly-developed vodka emanates from the company’s devotion that compelled its staff to embark on a two-year research and development to produce the sophisticated wine with a 100% wheat ingredients (Coulter 2010, p. 5). In order to reach the target consumer groups, the observation has been that the Cavendish London hotel’s eco-friendly practices will match the firm’s need to provoke the understanding that the company is indeed devoted into emulating sustainable measures in every aspect that it will relate to during its endeavours. The choice of holding the event at the Cavendish London matches the marketing and consumer attraction needs since the target high-end clientele will perceive the important aspects outlined in the product and conceive the reality of the attributes since the acceptance of the product’s launch at the hotel will emanate from the evaluations undertaken by the venue’s management to identify the products eco-friendly aspects (Van der Aalst, 2008, p. 190). The four star hotel is located at the city’s commercial centre and its provision of environmentally friendly attributes relate to the newly developed vodka’s sustainability measures and consumption patterns in the target consumer markets (Corrà   2010, p. 2). The emphases that the venue is an appropriate platform emanate from the provision of large conference rooms that can comfortably accommodate the estimated 100 number of guests. Further, the Cavendish management will provide the required dining and enterta inment room, and following the consultations made, the Big Ben Conferencing room and the immediate rooms will be allocated to suit the event’s needs. The two parties have agreed to enter into a mutual agreement in hosting the new vodka launching event. The Cavendish London and the Maitre de Chai profess similar sustainable measures despite their

Your Creative Thinking Profile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Your Creative Thinking Profile - Essay Example These aspects can be apparently observed as clarifying any sort of problem, creating ideas, developing solutions and also implementing effective plans. However, at certain conditions, I become a â€Å"Hare.† This is because of having improper knowledge about implementing required skills. Moreover, at certain times, I also become an â€Å"Optimist.†This is because of having deficiency in clarity with regards to the problems faced at certain adverse situations (Pucciuo, n.d.). The role, which I aspire to have, is of a top managerial position of an organization. In this regard, I must possess certain roles about resolving several issues within the organization. Hence, from the organizational perspective, it is quite essential to have all the desired qualities in the creative thinking profile. Being the â€Å"Integrator†, it is desirable for the organization to have me as the top managerial position, based on which several issues can be resolved in an efficient manner. Moreover, at certain times, I also lack in clarifying any sort of problem. Thus, the job role, which best suits me besides the top managerial position, is the idea along with solution provider (Pucciuo, n.d.). It is worth mentioning that as a manger of an organization, it is quite important to learn, respect and collaborate with other individuals for attaining predetermined business or operational targets. This can be made possible by encouraging the colleagues and the subordinates along with others to have and share a common goal. As per my understanding, arranging team meetings and other events would certainly lead towards forming greater collaboration with the members. In addition, forming greater communication with the colleagues and the others would also lead towards strong collaboration (Meador, 1997; Pucciuo, n.d.). It has been evident that each and every organization possesses diverse nature of people working in a collaborative manner towards the attainment of desired

Effects Of Biodiversity Loss And Climate Change

Effects Of Biodiversity Loss And Climate Change Biodiversity is defined as the set of all living organisms and species on land and all natural things around them such as: oceans, rivers, mountains, deserts, land, forests, jungles, animals, plants, atmosphere, heaven and humans. Climate change: climate change is affecting biodiversity so that this becomes a major threat to biodiversity in the coming decades. Since this originated? Although throughout the history of the Earth climate has always changed with the ecosystems and species that came and went, rapid climate change affects ecosystems and the ability of species to adapt and thus increases the loss of biodiversity. While the loss of biodiversity increases the life of humans at risk enters e.g. climate change can dry the water taking into account global warming, and if no water, no human, this would also affect plants as without water, photosynthesis cannot be performed, also with animals and plants not animals without human life disappears. So if biodiversity has this enormou s threat we are under this threat also already there are evidence of how species are responding to global warming. Some examples are as follows: In Costa Ricas golden toad May Have Become Extinct Due to Their Inability to Adapt to Changing temperature Birds like the blue jay in Arizona are starting to reproduce early. Alpine plants are moving to Higher latitudes in Austria Such mammals as Arctic polar bears are feeling the ravages of global warming on ice decline The surface temperatures of the Seas Have produced a Phenomenon of coral bleaching, Yielding by an alga (Which Gives color to the coral) by high temperature, alters nutrient production Penguin Populations Have fallen by 33% in parts of Antarctica In Antarctic poles are melting because of climate change, and this at a major threat to the world as these poles melting caused sea level rise and it will cause flooding and losses till some cities on the coast, I chose these two themes primarily for their long relationship and sec ondly by providing extensive information with which I can learn and study the origins of biodiversity loss and that I can do to avoid it Why biodiversity is important? Life has been able to adapt to the most diverse places on earth, from microscopic creatures that habit in the icy landscapes of the poles to creatures that live in warmer places, since the birds that fly at high altitudes than fish living in depths of the ocean, our planet is full of living organisms. All of them are part of the history of the world in the last 3.5 billion years, which means since the onset of the first cell. Just the study of early life forms, has allowed us to see how they have evolved from the simplest of bacteria to the most complex. And even though we all know that in reality we are only able to identify with a name 10 percent of them, the remaining 90 percent are still a mystery to humans. The vast majority of them are not easily visible to us, but its importance is vital to our existence, are responsible for shifting the balance between different components of the atmosphere, purify the air we repair, recycle wastes of nature to that from dead organic matter can be reborn, and is that the distribution of tasks necessary for the maintenance of ecosystems is very complex and requires the activity of all its components. While more species living more productive and stable the ecosystem will be, and have greater capacity for recovery if there is a drought, fire or any other threat to this. Scientists have begun to realize how much of this, in 1997 a group of economists and environmental scientists tried to measure in economic terms, the services that the environment gives without asking anything in return, and results they achieved almost double the GDP of all countries in the world. We should not be surprising considering all the tasks that nature solves: regulate the at mosphere and climate, fresh water purifies, enriches the soil, recycles nutrients, decodes the waste, is responsible for the pollination of crops, produce fuel wood, food, fuels and humanity, as well as important is the planets biodiversity.http://danierap.files.wordpress.com/2010/06/biodiversidad3.jpg Climate change linked to human activity In the world, human activities have caused and will continue causing wear on biodiversity due to, among other things, changes in use and surface soil, pollution and land degradation and air pollution; the diversion of water into heavily altered ecosystems and urbanization, environmental decay, exploitation of species, introduction of alien species, ozone depletion and weather. The current rate of biodiversity loss is greater than the natural extinction. A fundamental question is how much can change (either natural or human-induced) increase or prevent such loss of biodiversity? The changes in climate create a secondary alteration to biodiversity that has begun affecting it. Atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases have increased since preindustrial times due to human activities, particularly fossil fuels and changes in use and on the surface of the soil. For example currently rain fall on the northeast of Europe and the eastern United States and Canada that is considered acidic. The more acid rain in Europe signed up to Scotland. Observed Changes in climate Earth throughout the twentieth century: the temperature has raised land surface and marin patterns have changed spatial and temporal rainfall, has raised sea level, and increased frequency and intensity of phenomena associated with El Nià ±o. These changes, particularly the rise in temperatures in some areas have affected the timing of reproduction of animals and plants and / or migration of animals, to the extent of growing season, distribution of species and population size and frequency of pest and disease outbreaks. Some coastal ecosystems have also been affected by changes in regional climate. Loss of species by climate change The extinction of species increases the biodiversity loss, and with them our existence. For example: bees are disappearing, disappear. The consequences are disastrous this can cause the pollination is what has made it possible for millions of years, to ensure the reproduction from the plant to flower. In addition, 35% of our diet depends on pollination: fruit and vegetables. The most famous food recommended by dieticians. Moreover, in certain regions of the world, the disappearance of pollinating insects forces from Polish farmers to pollinate by hand. Researchers and beekeepers are moving in different scenarios, it has not yet been clearly identified the main cause of the extinction of bees. All pressures on the ecosystem and the health of bees have been revised: GMOs, electromagnetic waves, pesticides, pollution, climate change, scarcity of flowers, viruses, diseases, parasites, fungi, etc. http://img.over-blog.com/299189/0/55/19/29/abejas_transg__nicas.jpg What is expected of climate change? It is expected that climate change affects all aspects of biodiversity. However, these changes must take into account impacts from human activities, past, present and future, including increased atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide to the wide range of scenarios of CO2 increase is forecast that the average temperature Earths surface to rise between 1.4 and 5.8  ° C by the end of the century, land areas experiencing the highest warming oceans and high latitudes will warm more than the tropics. It is estimated that sea level rise associated with such changes falls 0.1 to 0.9 m. In general, it is expected an increase in precipitation in high latitudes and equatorial areas and decrease in subtropical areas but increased heavy rainfall. It is expected that climate change directly affecting individual organisms, populations, distribution of species, and ecosystem functioning, for example due to increased temperatures and changes in precipitation and in the case of marine ecosystems coastal and expected changes in sea level and strong storm surges, and indirectly, including through the impact of climate change in the intensity and frequency of phenomena such as forest fires. The loss, modification and disintegration of the environment and the introduction and spread of alien species will affect the impacts of climate change. A realistic projection of the future state of terrestrial ecosystems should take into account patterns of land use and water, which will greatly affect the ability of organisms to respond to climate change through movement. Percentage of variation of precipitation over the average forecast for global next 100 years on America. It is expected a decrease in central Chile and an increase in the extreme south. Melt poles by climate change Tropical, subtropical, Mediterranean, continental, desert, polar, mountain high Nobody can predict what weather will need to consider children in 100 years. The warming will force change textbooks because, even worse, alter the ecosystem of more than 60 percent of the land surface. The impact will suffer the most severe tropical forests. If you escape to deforestation, it is likely that the warming stopped. The poles will be reduced, and high mountain climates are also at risk of disappearing. Among all possible future scenarios, scientists have taken two extremes. The first, in which nothing is done to curb the emission of greenhouse gases, the result would be up to 39 percent of the Earths surface, would experience a change in temperature and rainfall that would result in a new climate. Therefore, 48 percent of current climates disappear. In the best case, with an emission control, the change will affect 20 percent of the land surface. The most affected area is the tropical, equat orial forests of Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia as a major hit. According to the model, the equatorial forests could move to the tropics, the deserts (Sahara, Gobi, New Mexico, Kalahari and northern Australia), to the current temperate zones, including Spain, and thus chain, to poles.http://ecodiario.eleconomista.es/imag/_v2/ecodiario/medio_ambiente/225250/cambio_clima.jpg Climate change consequences Changes in biodiversity at ecosystem and landscapes, in response to climate change and other pressures (such as deforestation and changes in forest fires), could further affect the global and regional climate through changes in absorption and emission of greenhouse gases and changes in the reflection. Similarly, structural changes in biological communities in the upper layers of the oceans could alter the absorption of CO2 by the ocean or the emission of precursors for cloud condensation nuclei, causing positive or negative reactions or in the climate change. The simulation of changes in biodiversity in response to climate change presents some significant challenges. The data and simulations needed to estimate the extent and nature of future changes in ecosystems and changes in the geographical distribution of the species are incomplete, which means that these effects can be quantified only partially. Flooding in Concepcià ³n by the overflowing of the river Bà ­o Bà ­o, July 2006. Because of climate change March 30, 2007 March, 2008 Effects of the drought of 2007 in Vegas Cayucupil, Caà ±ete. The image shows the same place a year apart Conclusion As I explained earlier biodiversity plays a very important in us as this is vital for human life, and this is being eroded by many factors, but here in this project. Mainly I just said the climate change, we cause rapid climate change which becomes a threat to biodiversity, bone for us, but we can do something to prevent it? Yes, there are many things you can do to help or participate in improving the current condition of the Earth and future conditions are: Improving the efficiency of cars. Be achieved through better technology, lightening the structure, improvements in engines and transmission, reducing aerodynamic drag, decreasing resistance of the wheels, etc. Accelerate improvements in energy efficiency of industries, residences and commercial establishments and public, through effective policies. Stimulate and accelerate research and development of technologies based on energy sources of renewable energy. Ending deforestation and encourage reforestation Recycle Resources http://www.globalissues.org/ http://www.weblens.org/scholar.html http://www.noodletools.com/debbie/literacies/information/5locate/adviceengine.html http://www.searchenginecolossus.com/Academic.html http://virtualprivatelibrary.blogspot.com/Scholar.pdf http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_academic_databases_and_search_engines http://www.un.org/en/

Roswell Speech :: essays research papers

In the summer of 1947 a series of puzzling events took place at Roswell, New Mexico. In the early days of July one of the influential and concrete UFO cases of all time evolved. It is not exactly known what took place due to various military and government cover-up campaigns.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My proposition is that extra-terrestrial entities and their craft were found in the desert near Roswell, New Mexico in 1947. There are 3 main points which will prove that this event took place. 1st: There were many eyewitness accounts of the incedent. 2nd: There were news media accounts of the incident which were silenced by the U.S. government. And 3rd: The U.S. military and government were greatly involved in the investigation of this incident. #1   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There were many eyewitnesses to the strange events that took place in Roswell in the summer of 1947. This is one of the main reasons why this has been a lanmark case in the study of UFOs. Barney Barnett, a civil engineer and an outstanding citizen, said he saw the object while out on assignment. Credible and respected sources knew Barnett, who was a retired WWI veteran and past commander of the American Legion Post, and vouched for his credibility. Barnett told of how he had spotted a bright metallic object in the distance. His first thought was that it was a plane that had crashed in the night. He traveled the one mile distance between himself and the object to discover that it wasn’t a plane at all, but rather a â€Å"metallic disc-shaped object about 25 or 30 feet across. As he stood, looking at the object, a group of archeological students arrived from the opposite direction. They were all about the wreckage and soon discovered the bodies of apparently dead aliens. Barnett described them as: â€Å"like humans but... not humans. The heads were round, the eyes were small, and they had no hair. They were quite small by our standards and their heads were larger in proportion to their bodies than ours. He went on to talk about the clothing of the aliens which â€Å"seemed to be one-piece and gray in color. You couldn’t see any zippers, belts, or buttons.† Very shortly a military officer arrived and cordoned off the are. Barnett and the others were asked to leave and told not to talk about what they had seen.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Along with Barnett there were many sightings by pilots, airport personel, and military officials. On June 24 a civilian pilot, named Kennath Arnold, was flying over the cascade mountains, in the state of Washington,

Coastal Erosion :: science

Coastal Erosion With Reference to examples discuss the view that coastal erosion is caused by human intervention as a posed to natural processes. For many decades the approach to rapid coastal erosion was to build up sea defenses, to try and slow down or even stop the erosion. Initially the attempts were thought a success, however after some years it was realized that the power of the sea and waves could overcome human attempts. Only could protection be a success if huge costs were going to be involved. Many methods around the British Isles have taken place in he last 50 years with many failures occurring. It is very rare to find a coastline that shows a decrease in the rate of erosion over many years after defenses are in place. In fact in places the defenses seem to have speeded up the erosion process. Coastal erosion is a natural process of erosion, transportation and deposition, interfering with this balance could be to blame for the rise in erosion on the coasts of some areas. Groynes have been built out to sea in many areas of the British coastline. Their aim is to trap material and thus slow down the rate of long shore drift. However, these groynes in some areas are been blamed for the rise in erosion rates further down the coast. On the Holderness coastline in Humberside, erosion is taking place at a rate of about 2 meters per year. Along this coast there is a strong action of long shore drift taking place, which over centuries has produced a spit to form on the southern tip of Holderness, called Spurn Head spit. The spit is over 4km long and 100 meters wide. The majority of this coastline is glacial till, a soft fragile material, which is easily eroded. This however is not thought of as the only reason for the rapid rates of erosion. Human interference is thought to be another cause, as a result of the sea defenses put in place. A rock groyne was built at Mappleton, to create a wider beach. This in turn would help protect the coastline, by absorbing the wave energy. Then at Withernsea a concrete sea wall with a splash back and boulder rip-rap in front of it was created. These defenses were to cause great problems. The groyne meant that material moving down the coast by long shore drift would get stuck behind the groyne.

Life without Modern Gadgets Essay

A lifestyle without the modern gadgets, sounds quite a hard life to live. But lets look deep and analyse both sides of this. Life de-modernised would be a time consuming one requiring a lot of time and effort, for example, can u imagine urself carrying around your home stereo, you cannot!!.. instead we have mp3 players and iPod’s too boost our speed in life. Although there are so many negatives to be seen on the surface when considering a lifestyle without modern gadgets, we as people have actually forgotten the beauty and simplicity of life without modern technology. The simplicity of learning to do things by yourself instead of a ‘machine’, the simplicity of working together physically instead of creating your ‘own workspace at home’ as ‘teleworking’, confining you to a lonesome boundary in life giving you all the opportunity to procrastinate in ur own home.. Technology is good but has also brought people to a height of extreme convenience where we easily forget our roots of simplicity. Time is very precious in today’s era. Everyone wants to do things in very short span. The quotation â€Å"Stitch in time saves nine† means if you finish something in time, you will be able to do ten things in the time you saved. Keeping this in view, scientists and technologysts developed many new things to save as much time as possible. In each and every sphere of life we can find machines and gadgets that saves our time a lot. Wether it is business, transport, education, communication, new technology did a lot. ATM is one of the inventions of time saving gadgets. ATM is expanded as Automated Teller Machine. Or sometimes we can also say it as Any Time Money machine which is true in its sense. We can draw money at any instance of time with the help of ATM, a day or mid-night, in emergencies, or when we shop we need not have to carry cash, we simply apply the credit or debit card, same like ATM card. Initially, we have to stand in long ques to draw money out of banks, sometimes, the employees are absent, there is some holiday in bank or strike of workers hence we have to sit back without money and our work remains pending for several days. There was a boy named Salim, he went to factory every day for his life earnings, early morning he used to went and came back in the evening. One day, his owner wants rent. When he came back in evening he found a board at his door, it was written on the board, that if he didn’t pay rent by morning, he will be out from the room. He was very upset, he talked to the owner and takes the deadline of next evening. He thought that he will take a leave from office and will draw money from bank and give it to the owner. Next morning, he went to the bank, and he find a long que, he was bit upset, but he have to give money before deadline. He stand in the que in the last place, when he was near his turn, he found that the strike break down in the area. Every shop and office went close. The bank also closed due to strike. He was upset and he again came back home without money. Again on TV he found that the strike will remain stir for next 2 days. Hence, this is the best example of giving the importance of ATM in our daily life. Our life was like miscommunicated without these gadgets.